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P197 – Skeletal DNA Mapping of the Post-cranial Skeleton for the Identification of Human Remains in a Modern Forensic Context
The recovery of high-quality DNA from skeletal remains is critical in forensic and anthropological investigations, particularly in cases involving decomposition, fragmentation, or limited material. While previous research has identified high-yield regions such as the petrous portion of the temporal bone, less is known about intra-skeletal variability across the postcranial skeleton. This study systematically evaluates DNA yield and quality across multiple anatomical locations to inform minimally destructive and strategically targeted sampling approaches.
Four skeletonized individuals were sampled at approximately 90 anatomical locations per individual. Bone powder was extracted using silica-based methods, and DNA quantification was performed via qPCR targeting human autosomal and Y-chromosome markers. DNA yield was normalized to input sample weight to allow for cross-location and inter-individual comparisons. Additional metrics, including degradation index and inhibition indicators, were assessed to evaluate DNA quality.
Results demonstrate significant variability in DNA yield across skeletal elements and within individual bones. Notable intra-bone variation was observed, particularly within long bones and vertebral elements. Inter-individual differences suggest that biological factors (e.g., age-at-death, biological sex) contribute to DNA preservation patterns. Importantly, several non-cranial sampling locations yielded DNA quantities comparable to traditionally preferred regions, supporting alternative sampling strategies when cranial elements are unavailable or preservation concerns limit destructive analysis.
These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of DNA distribution across the human skeleton and provide empirical support for refining forensic sampling protocols. By identifying high-yield regions beyond commonly targeted elements, this research promotes more efficient DNA recovery while minimizing damage to skeletal remains—an important consideration in both forensic casework and bioarchaeological contexts.
Authors
- Mykala Ward (The University of Montana, United States of America)
- Meradeth Snow (The University of Montana, United States of America)
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